Scholarly Horizons

University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

Current Issue

Volume 13, Issue 1 (2026)Read More

Current Articles

Journal Article16 March 2026

The Creation and Performance of Eulogy

In completion of my senior project for my theatre arts degree at the University of Minnesota Morris, I wrote, composed, and directed Eulogy, performing with myself as Mark, Olivia Emmrich as Amelia, Savana Hauck as the Reverend, and Jennie Odello as the pianist. The following will explore my artistic process: highlighting how I chose my topic, my playwriting and composing process, collaborating with my colleagues, our rehearsal process, the performance, and my reflection on my project.
Journal Article16 March 2026

How Laws and Systems Contributed to the Masking and Expansion of the Verdingkinder System and Targeted Jenisch People

Did Switzerland have slavery? What did it look like? These were the questions that led me investigate the history of “Verdingkinder,” or contract children, who were placed as indentured laborers primarily on Swiss farms from 1850 to 1950. As I dug deeper, I discovered a more targeted campaign within this broader system: the “Kinder der Landstrasse” (Children of the Road) program, which ran from 1926 to 1973 and specifically removed children of the Jenisch ethnic community from their families. This discovery raised a critical question that has driven my research: How did legal frameworks and institutional systems in Switzerland facilitate both the concealment and expansion of the Verdingkinder practice, and why did the Verdingkinder system, among its other goals, particularly target Jenisch children? I argue it lies in the intersection of cultural difference and state-enforced assimilation. The systematic removal of Jenisch children was not simply about poverty relief or child welfare rather, it was about forcing a mobile, culturally different minority to conform to Swiss ideals of settlement.
Journal Article16 March 2026

Handwritten Histories: Exploring Identity Through Personal Correspondence

This project examines handwritten correspondence as a site of gendered and sexual self-discovery, intimacy, and historical continuity. Developed for HIST 2708W - Gender, Women, and Sexuality in Modern Europe - , it centers on a collection of contemporary “snail mail” letters written in response to reflective prompts about participants’ lived experiences of gender and sexuality. These personal narratives are presented in a physical, scrapbook-style format that emphasizes slowness, care, and trust as methodological and ethical practices. By placing these contemporary letters in dialogue with historical examples of correspondence—including an 1882 letter sent to German psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing, the intimate exchanges between Vita Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf, and the love letters of Oscar Wilde and Lord Alfred Douglas—this project traces how individuals across time have used writing to articulate identity, desire, and belonging in contexts shaped by social constraint,. The project highlights recurring themes such as fluidity, recognition, vulnerability, and the ongoing process of becoming oneself through written language. Ultimately, this work argues that letter writing functions as both archive and refuge: a space where private feeling becomes shared history, and where marginalized identities can be named, explored, and affirmed. Through tactile, deliberate correspondence, the project reveals a quiet but powerful continuity in how people write themselves into being—across borders, generations, and shifting landscapes.
Journal Article16 March 2026

Craft, Love, and Loathing: Anthropology of Hair Art in the Twenty-First Century

When hair is cut off and used in art, many people find it disgusting, but when attached, hair is seen as beautiful. Over time, these ideas have changed; in the Victorian Era, people had more tolerance and appreciation for different types of hair art, such as sculptures and accessories. In order to analyze these changes and why hair is seen as repulsive, we must look at theories of disgust and abjection. In addition, we must look at the history of bodily art and the connections it had to death and mourning. The understanding and recognition of abject mediums such as hair art leads to an increased understanding of different art forms and their historical context. Alongside this essay, I simultaneously constructed a hair wreath of my own, as a way to learn and interpret hair art through practice and embodiment.
Journal Article16 March 2026

Lighting Design for Terminator: The Musical by Breanna Beitz

This paper discusses the lighting design for a production of Terminator: the Musical at the University of Minnesota Morris. The directorial concept revolved around the idea of camp: big sound, flashy lights, big spectacle. Camp refers to an aesthetic style that embraces exaggeration, playfulness, irony, and theatricality. It often celebrates things that are considered 'over the top' — artificial, sentimental, or deliberately tacky — but does so with affection, humor, and self-awareness. Leaning into the concept of it being 'so bad it is good,' is how the director envisioned Terminator: The Musical to be. To this end, my approach for the show was to play up the more serious parts of the script with lighting based in realism to further juxtapose the realism with the more saturated and stylistic lighting with the songs, even if such a moment is in the middle of one like with the song 'There’s No Time To Explain.' Otherwise, I tried my best to make the lights as wacky and fun as possible in accordance with the director’s concept: lighting should lean into the camp. I’m thinking of vaporwave colors — neon pinks, blues, and purples. Concert lighting can work too. I’m all for saturation and shadow.'"
Journal Article16 March 2026

When Women Weep: The Gendered Politics of Lamenting and Death in Early Irish Literature

Early Irish literature of the ninth through thirteenth centuries encodes gendered assumptions about women’s emotion through narratives in which grief, sorrow, and shame repeatedly lead to female death. Focusing on the thirteenth-century hagiographic text Tales of the Elders of Ireland, feminist standpoint theory is applied to reveal how male-dominated authorship shapes literary portrayals of women as emotionally excessive, dependent on men, and narratively expendable once those men are lost. Situated within the cultural tradition of female lamentation or caoineadh, these portrayals show how women’s ritual roles as mourners were mythologized and reworked into literary mechanisms that reinforce patriarchal authority. Within this tradition, women’s grief is repeatedly framed as fatal and morally corrective, functioning as a narrative punishment that upholds patriarchal expectations. As a counterpoint to this dominant pattern, the ninth-century poem “The Lament of the Old Woman of Beare” is introduced as an example of a nuanced and authentic representation of female lamentation, in which grief is interior, reflective, and survivable rather than excessive and male-dependent. Ultimately female mourning and lamentation are vital practices in Ireland, but as this paper discusses, were misconstrued by the male view as feminine weakness rather than recognized as meaningful and communal expressions of loss.
Journal Article16 March 2026

No Pulse, Only Breath: Understanding the Creative Rhythms of Tyler Kline

The creative life and artistic philosophy of composer, audio engineer, and radio host Tyler Kline unfolds at the intersection of structure and surrender, sound and silence, motion and stillness. His work integrates composing, engineering, and curatorial listening into a unified practice shaped by patience, attention, and trust. Influenced in part by the concept of wabi-sabi, Kline embraces imperfection and impermanence, allowing breath, resonance, and performer agency to guide musical form rather than strict pulse or metrical control. This approach finds clear expression in his piano work TATTOO, which eliminates traditional pulse orientation and asks performers to measure time through listening and embodied awareness. Grounded in intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and openness to experience, Kline’s practice prioritizes authenticity over innovation and presence over spectacle. His music invites listeners into a slower, more attentive mode of engagement, valuing intimacy, sincerity, and the quiet rhythms of lived experience.
Journal Article16 March 2026

History Does Not Repeat Itself, But It Often Rhymes: Comparing the Messaging of Adolf Hitler and Donald Trump

With the growing divide between the left and right, many on the left have raised alarms that Donald Trump is a fascist. My research paper compares Donald Trump’s messaging to Adolf Hitler’s messaging to find any similarities between the two in order to determine if Trumpism is a precursor to fascism. This study begins by looking at previous scholars’ research into whether or not Trumpism is a precursor to fascism and then I proceed to draw on primary sources such as speeches, Mein Kampf, and Trump’s TruthSocial posts, particularly those related to immigration and minorities, attacks on and suppression of the press, and attacks on political opponents. The analysis of primary sources concludes that while Trumpism is not a direct copy of fascism in Nazi Germany, many of the messaging strategies of the two leaders are similar. Trumpism is a precursor to fascism, but a new, distinct kind of fascism that is unique to the United States of America in the 21st-century.

Most Popular Articles

Journal Article
20 February 2014

A Rhetorical Examination of Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s First Inaugural Address

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) was the 32nd president of the United States of America. He served an unprecedented four terms in office and delivered four inaugural speeches. He set himself up for success in his first inaugural address, claiming, “there is nothing to fear but fear itself.” This famous passage, among others in FDR’s first inaugural address, worked as rhetorical maneuvers meant to both introduce FDR to the presidency as well as leave a lasting impression on the citizens of the United States facing hardship due to the Great Depression. Through the application of Lloyd Bitzer’s “rhetorical situation,” Edward Corbett and Robert Connors’ definitions of stylistic devices and Karlyn Campbell, Kathleen Jamieson and Elizabeth Dudash’s genre requirements, this paper works to rhetorically examine FDR’s first inaugural address.
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Journal Article
2 September 2015

Monte Carlo Tree Search and Its Applications

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) is a probabilistic algorithm that uses lightweight random simulations to selectively grow a game tree. MCTS has experienced a lot of success in domains with vast search spaces which historically have challenged deterministic algorithms [3]. This paper discusses the steps of the MCTS algorithm, its application to the board.
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Journal Article
20 February 2014

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Food-Waste Composting Program at UMM

As costs of landfilling and incinerating waste rise, many campuses are beginning to consider alternatives for dealing with food waste generation. In August of 2012, the University of Minnesota, Morris began composting its food waste and food-soiled paper using the turned windrow method. While hailed as a sustainable alternative, with benefits including reduced need for chemical fertilizers, water, and pesticides, higher crop yields, revitalization of poor soils, avoidance of methane and leachate generation in landfills, pollution prevention, and extension of landfill life, many costs are also incurred with the composting alternative ranging from the need to purchase organics collection bins to the time needed each day to manage the actual composting site. The question, therefore, is whether it is worth continuing an on-site composting program at Morris. The cost-benefit analysis includes the steps outlined in Boardman, Greenberg, Vining, and Weimer’s textbook Cost Benefit Analysis Concepts and Practice: specify the set of alternative projects, determine standing, identify the impact categories, estimate the impacts, monetize all impacts, calculate net present values, perform sensitivity analysis, and make a recommendation. Despite significant costs, I found that the data clearly stands to support the project’s continuance. While the project is still in its fledgling state, this analysis can be used as a justification to continue the composting project and serve as a model for other campuses to follow.
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Journal Article
20 February 2014

Body Dissatisfaction and Males: A Conceptual Model

Within society it appears that dissatisfaction with one’s body is seen as a female-exclusive problem. However, limited research on men and body dissatisfaction suggests that men do experience body dissatisfaction, and these rates are increasing over time. The present literature review seeks to tie together consistent themes seen within these studies, and proposes a model based on these connections that may explain the growth in prevalence rates over time. Two theories, threatened masculinity theory and self-discrepancy theory, are also applied within the model. The model presented within this review can help give new direction to future research on men and body dissatisfaction. By improving research, we can help eliminate the stereotype that body dissatisfaction is a “female-exclusive” issue and men who experience clinical levels of body dissatisfaction can receive the treatment they require.
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Journal Article
16 March 2015

Bayesian Spam Detection

Spammers always find new ways to get spammy content to the public. Very commonly this is accomplished by using email, social media, or advertisements. According to a 2011 report by the Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group roughly 90% of all emails in the United States are spam. This is why we will be taking a more detailed look at email spam. Spam filters have been getting better at detecting spam and removing it, but no method is able to block 100% of it. Because of this, many different methods of text classification have been developed, including a group of classifiers that use a Bayesian approach. The Bayesian approach to spam filtering was one of the earliest methods used to filter spam, and it remains relevant to this day. In this paper we will analyze 2 specific optimizations of Naive Bayes text classification and spam filtering, looking at the differences between them and how they have been used in practice. This paper will show that Bayesian filtering can be simply implemented for a reasonably accurate text classifier and that it can be modified to make a significant impact on the accuracy of the filter. A variety of applications will be explored as well.
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